Exploring the Relationship Between Climate Change and Human Health in KPK: A Cross-Sectional Perspective

Abstract

Introduction: Climate change has also emerged as an important determinant of global health, especially in vulnerable areas. In Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province, the effects of climate change in the form of extreme weather conditions, including heatwaves, floods, and air pollution, have had a direct impact on health. The objective of the present study is to examine the effects of climate change on human health in KPK, with an emphasis on respiratory ailments, mental health, and the incidence of vector-borne diseases. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 89 participants from rural and urban regions of KPK. Participants were recruited through a stratified random sampling method. Data were collected on climate exposure and related health problems, such as respiratory disease, mental health symptoms, and vector-borne illnesses, using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the data, and associations were tested using chi-square tests and correlation analysis. Results: 58% of respondents reported respiratory problems and 43% reported heat-related symptoms. Vector-borne disease affected 32% of the respondents, while 29% reported anxiety and depression. Statistical associations between exposure to floods and respiratory issues (p = 0.03) were evident. Rural respondents had more prevalent climate-related illness compared to their urban counterparts. The findings emphasize the far-reaching health effects of climate change within the area. Conclusion: This research highlights the importance of specific public health interventions in KPK to counter the health threats of climate change. Enhancing healthcare systems, raising awareness about climate change, and enhancing resilience among vulnerable populations are essential to reducing these health threats.