Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography Assessment of Pulmonary Embolism and Associated Cardiac Conditions

Abstract

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious disease in which clots block arteries of the lungs, making it difficult for a person to breathe and ride the heart. A quick and accurate diagnosis is important to prevent life threatening complications. CTPA is most reliable test for detection of PE as it provides a clear picture of the pulmonary artery. However, concerns such as radiation exposure and the effects of contrast pigments on the kidneys underscore the need for further research to make testing safer and more effective. Evaluation of the role of CTPA in the assessment of PE with associated cardiac conditions. The CTPA is made when a patient lies on his back, raises his arms and holds his breath temporarily. Inject contrast dye (50-100 mL) into a 4-5ml/s vein followed by salt solution. When contrast reaches the pulmonary artery, the scan begins automatically. Captures thin layers of images from the lungs to the heart and helps you recognize blood clots (PE) and other lung problems. After scanning, patients are monitored for responses and drinking water is recommended to rinse contrast. Gender based data is tabulated in descriptive statistics with a highest frequency of male which is 31(51.7%) than females which is 29(48.3%). The tabulated statistical data of TVR shows frequency of 24(40%), RVOT stenosis shows frequency of 5(8.3%), sub-valvular stenosis shows frequency of 1(1.7%), complete pulmonary atresia shows frequency of 6(10%), pulmonary atrial stenosis shows frequency of 1(1.7%), PE shows frequency of 10(16.7%), sub-segmental PE shows frequency of 5(8.3%), levocardia and situs solitus shows frequency of 10(16.7%), IVS shows frequency of 1(1.7%), VSD shows frequency of 6(10%), normal CTPA shows frequency of 30(50%) patients for total number of 60. Our study conclude that PE can lead to right ventricular pressure overload, resulting in tricuspid valve regurgitation and associated cardiac conditions such as RVOT stenosis, sub-valvular stenosis, complete pulmonary atresia, and sub-segmental PE. CTPA proves effective in detecting both PE and these related heart abnormalities