Formulation, Characterization, and Potential of Zinc Oxide-Loaded Nanoemulsion for Dermatological Drug Delivery

Abstract

Background: Nano emulsions have gained attention in pharmaceutical applications due to their ability to improve the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs and enhance topical delivery. Emulsions, with their dual-phase structure, play a crucial role in pharmaceutical formulations, especially concerning stability influenced by emulsifiers. Purpose of the Study: This study aims to investigate the potential of Nano emulsions in pharmaceutical applications, particularly focusing on their role in delivering poorly water-soluble drugs and enhancing topical delivery. The study seeks to explore how Nano emulsions, characterized by nanometer-sized droplets, can improve drug delivery efficiency. Research Rationale: The research rationale highlights the importance of emulsifiers in establishing stability within Nano emulsions and emphasizes the unique properties of these Nano-sized droplets that contribute to enhancing drug delivery. Understanding the critical role of emulsifiers and the distinctive properties of Nano emulsions is essential for developing efficient drug delivery systems. General Methods: The general methodology involved formulating a zinc oxide-loaded Nano emulsion using high-pressure homogenization, a technique known for creating stable Nano emulsions. The study included a comprehensive analysis, including stability assessment, pH measurement, viscosity testing, droplet size determination, drug loading evaluation, and entrapment efficiency assessment. These analyses aimed to evaluate the Nano emulsion’s characteristics and capabilities in drug delivery. Results: The results of the study indicated successful incorporation of zinc oxide into the Nano emulsion, demonstrating its stability and controlled drug release characteristics. Additionally, in-vitro skin permeation studies and skin drug retention analysis showed the Nano emulsion’s enhanced skin penetration capabilities, marking a significant advancement in topical drug delivery. Conclusions: Formulation F5, a PVA-coated Nano emulsion, emerged as a standout candidate for topical applications due to its favorable physicochemical properties and controlled drug release kinetics. This formulation showcased potential for improving drug solubility and skin penetration, especially in dermatological applications. The study provides valuable insights into developing efficient drug delivery systems and highlights the promising role of Nano emulsions in advancing pharmaceutical technologies.